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This is a list of methylphenidate (MPH or MPD) analogues. Regular methylphenidate can come in several varieties. Including: the racemate, the enantiopure (dextro or levo) of its stereoisomers; ''erythro'' or ''threo'' (either + or -) among its diastereoisomers & lastly the isomers S,S; S,R/R,S or R,R. The variant with optimized efficacy is not the usually attested generic or common pharmaceutical brands (e.g. Ritalin, Daytrana etc.) but the (R,R)-dextro-(+)-''threo''. Which has a binding profile on par with or better than that of cocaine. Also of note is that methylphenidate in demethylated form is acidic; a conformation known as ritalinic acid.〔(Correlation between methylphenidate and ritalinic acid concentrations in oral fluid and plasma. ) Clin Chem. 2010 Apr;56(4):585-92. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.138396. PMID 20167695〕 This gives the potential to yield a conjugate salt〔(Process for the preparation of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride ) Google patents; Publication #US 20040180928 A1〕 form effectively protonated by a salt nearly chemically duplicate/identical to its own structure; creating a "methylphenidate ritalinate".〔(Resolution of ritalinic acid salt ) Google patents; Publication #US6441178 B2〕 The carboxymethyl (methyl acetate) has sometimes been replaced with similar length ketones to increase duration. For instance, the methoxycarbonyl has had examples of having been replaced with an alkyl group (such as Kozikowski showed with RTI-31 ''n''-propyl residue. ''c.f.'') Desoxypipradrol (and thus Pipradrol, including such derivatives as AL-1095, Diphemethoxidine, SCH-5472 & D2PM), and even mefloquine, 2-benzylpiperidine & rimiterol could be considered vaguely related structurally, with the former ones also functionally so, as loosely analogous compounds. Enpiroline is one further example, loosely related by being based on the 2-benzylpiperidine skeleton, although in its case it is actually heteroaromatic; also of note are etoxadrol and dioxadrol. Pethidine (Meperidine) is a loose structural analog (being rather between methylphenidate and certain piperidine phenyltropanes) which, though considered functionally an opioid, is also shown to have dopaminergic reuptake qualities.〔The cocaine-like behavioral effects of meperidine are mediated by activity at the dopamine transporter. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Feb 15;297(1-2):9-17. PMID 8851160〕 File:Methylphenidate-2D-skeletal.svg|Racemic methylphenidate File:Dexmethylphenidate structure.svg|Enantiopure dextrorotatory ("D")methylphenidate (The stereochemistry on both carbons is dictated by 1 single wedge) e.g. Focalin File:Ethylphenidate.svg|Transesterification product of MPH when exposed to ethanol ''in vivo'' File:4-methylmethylphenidate.png|4-MeTMP File:Propylphenidate.jpg|Propylphenidate |- File:Dichloromethylphenidate.png|Dichloro-methylphenidate File:HDMP-28.png|Methylnaphthidate✲ ✲The aforementioned specific analogue page has an additional binding values table at its remote internal-link for multiple ''threo''-methylphenidate analogues besides its own. File:O-2172 structure.png|O-2172 The usual methylphenidate piperidine ring has been replaced by a cyclopentane (without the pyrrolidine nitrogen) and a di-chloro at the phenyl ring File:Isopropylphenidate.jpg|Isopropylphenidate File:MPHRRA.jpg|Restricted Rotation Analog (RRA) of ''threo''-methylphenidate. Both analogues 374 & 375 displayed higher potency than methylphenidate at DAT. In further comparison, 375 (the 2-naphthyl) was additionally two & a half times more potent than 374 (the 1-naphthyl isomer). ==See also== *List of phenyltropanes *List of cocaine analogues *Substituted phenylmorpholines 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of methylphenidate analogues」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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